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october 2011 doc id 18080 rev 3 1/15 15 SPV1040 high efficiency solar batter y charger with embedded mppt features 0.3 v to 5.5 v operating input voltage 140 m internal synchr onous rectifier 120 m internal power active switch 100 khz fixed pwm frequency duty cycle controlled by mppt algorithm output voltage regulation, overcurrent and overtemperature protection input source reverse polarity protection built-in soft-start up to 95% efficiency 3 mm x 4.4 mm tssop8 package applications smart phones and gps systems wireless headsets small appliances, sensors portable media players digital still cameras toys and portable healthcare description the SPV1040 device is a low power, low voltage, monolithic step-up converter with an input voltage range from 0.3 v to 5.5 v, and is capable of maximizing the energy generated by even a single solar cell (or fuel cell), where low input voltage handling capability is extremely important. thanks to the embedded mppt algorithm, even under varying environmental conditions (such as irradiation, dirt, temper ature) the SPV1040 offers maximum efficiency in terms of power harvested from the cells and transferred to the output. the device employs an input voltage regulation loop, which fixes the charging battery voltage via a resistor divider. the ma ximum output current is set with a current sense resistor according to charging current requirements. the SPV1040 protects itself and other application devices by stopping the pwm switching if either the maximum current threshold (up to 1.8 a) is reached or the maximum temperature limit (up to 155 c) is exceeded. an additional built-in feature of the SPV1040 is the input source reverse polarity protection, which prevents damage in case of reverse connection of the solar panel at the input. table 1. device summary order codes package packaging SPV1040t tssop8 tube SPV1040ttr tape and reel t ss op8 www.st.com
contents SPV1040 2/15 doc id 18080 rev 3 contents 1 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1 absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5 typical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6 detailed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.1 soft-start mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.2 startup mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.3 mppt mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.4 constant voltage regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 6.5 constant current regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.6 overcurrent protection (ovc) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.7 overtemperature protection (ovt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.8 shutdown mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.9 undervoltage lockout (uvlo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.10 reverse polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6.11 burst mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.12 sleep-in mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7 package mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SPV1040 block diagram doc id 18080 rev 3 3/15 1 block diagram figure 1. block diagram figure 2. simplified application circuit for setting up the application and simulating the related test results please go to www.st.com/edesignstudio /[ ;6+87 *1' 0336(7 9287 ,&75/b3/86 9&75/ ,&75/b0,186 9ej ,rxw 5hj 0336(7 9 0335() 9lq5hj 9r xw 5hj 033%/2&. $1$/2*%/2&. %xuvw5hi &/2&. &/2&. %856702'( '$&&2'( ',*,7$/ &25( 67$576,*1$/ 9ej 29(5&855(17 29(57(03(5$785( 5(9(56( 32/$5,7< 3:0 '5,9(56 &21752/ =(52&5266,1* '(7(&725 9 0335() am02612v1 lx xshut gnd mpp-set vout ictrl_plus vctrl ictrl_minus r s v pv l r 1 r 2 c in c out v batt r f1 r f2 c f
pin description SPV1040 4/15 doc id 18080 rev 3 2 pin description figure 3. pin connection (top view) table 2. pin description pin name type description 1 mpp-set i non-inverting input to sense the pv cell voltage. it cannot be left floating. 2 gnd ground power ground reference. 8 xshut i shutdown input pin: xshut = low: device in power off mode xshut = high: device enabled for operating mode this pin cannot be left floating. 3 lx i booster inductor connection. 7 ictrl_plus i non-inverting input of constant curr ent control loop. it cannot be left floating. 6 ictrl_minus i inverting input of constant current control loop. it cannot be left floating. 5 vctrl i non-inverting input of cons tant voltage control loop. it cannot be left floating. 4 vout o booster output voltage. vctrl gnd lx vout x s hut mpp- s et 8 7 ictrl_plu s 1 2 6 3 4 5 ictrl_minu s am0261 3 v1
SPV1040 maximum ratings doc id 18080 rev 3 5/15 3 maximum ratings 3.1 absolute maximum ratings 3.2 thermal data note: r thja was measured on a 2-layer pcb: fr4, 35 m cu thickness, 2.8 cm 2 table 3. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter range [min, max] unit mpp-set analog input [-5.5, vout] v gnd ground 0 v xshut analog input [-5.5, vout] v lx analog input [-5.5, vout] v ictrl_plus analog input [-0.3, vout] v ictrl_minus analog input [-0.3, vout] v vctrl analog input [-0.3, vout] v vout analog output [-0.3, 5.5] v table 4. tssop 8 thermal data symbol parameter value unit r th j-amb thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient 135 c/w tj op junction operating temperature -40 to 125 c tstg storage temperature -40 to 150 c
electrical charac teristics SPV1040 6/15 doc id 18080 rev 3 4 electrical characteristics vmpp-set = 0.5 v, v ctrl = i ctrl+ = i ctrl- = gnd, xshut = 0.5 v, t j = -40 c to 125 c, unless otherwise specified. table 5. electrical characteristics symbol parameter test condition min typ max unit input source section v mpp-set low boost voltage threshold v out = 3.3v 0.4 0.45 0.50 v i q quiescent current i load =0ma, v ctrl =2v, v out =3.3v, 60 80 a i sd shutdown current v out = 3.3v, v ctrl =2v, i load = 0ma, xshut = gnd 0.7 5 a i rev reverse input source current v mpp-set =-4v, v out = 1.5v 1 5 a v uvlo undervoltage lockout threshold for turn on @v out = 3.3v v mpp-set increasing 0.27 0.34 v undervoltage lockout threshold for turn off @v out = 3.3v v mpp-set decreasing 0.14 0.24 v power section r ds_on-n n-channel power switch on resistance 120 m r ds_on-p p-channel synchronous rectifier on resistance v ctrl =2v 140 m control section v mppt-thr mppt-mode threshold vout increasing, v mpp-set = 1.5v 1.7 1.8 2 v v out output voltage range v mpp-set 1.5v 2 5.2 (1) v p out (2) maximum output power v mpp-set 1.5v 3 w i lx maximum inductor current peak 1.5 1.65 1.8 a f pwm pwm signal frequency 70 100 130 khz v ref internal v ctrl reference voltage v out 1.8v, v ctrl increasing 1.2 1.25 1.3 v v ictrl sensing current offset i ctrl + - i ctrl - decreasing 40 50 60 mv xshut xshut logic low xshut increasing 0.27 0.34 v xshut logic high xshut decreasing 0.14 0.24 v
SPV1040 electrical characteristics doc id 18080 rev 3 7/15 thermal shutdown t shutdown overtemperature threshold for turn off temperature increasing 155 c overtemperature threshold for turn on temperature decreasing 130 c 1. in order to increase the vout as much as possibl e up to 5.2 v a schottky diode must be placed between the lx and vout pins, as shown in figure 2 . 2. given t j = t a + r thja x p d , and assuming r thja = 135c/w, and that in orde r to avoid dev ice destruction tjmax must be 125 c, and that in the worst conditions t a = 85 c, the power dissipated inside the device is given by: therefore, if in the worst case the efficiency is assum ed to be 90%, then p in-max = 3.3 w and p out-max = 3 w. table 5. electrical characteristics (continued) symbol parameter test condition min typ max unit p d t j t a ? r thja ---------------- - 295mw =
typical charac teristics SPV1040 8/15 doc id 18080 rev 3 5 typical characteristics figure 4. efficiency vs output voltage 5 pv cells - v oc = 2.5 v, v mpp = 2.1 v, l x = 10 h figure 5. efficiency vs output voltage 5 pv cells - v oc = 2.5 v, v mpp = 2.1 v, l x = 22 h ?9 ?? 9 ?? 9 ? 9 ? 9 ??9 ?? 9 ?x ex ?x /u??a? u /u??ae u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a u /u??a? u s}??s? w}?lw]v ??9 ?? 9 ? 9 ?? 9 ? 9 ??9 ?? 9 ?x ex ?x /u??a? u /u??ae u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??ae u s}??s? w}?lw]v figure 6. efficiency vs output voltage 2 pv cells - v oc = 1 v, l x = 10 h figure 7. efficiency vs output voltage 2 pv cells - v oc = 1 v, l x = 22 h ?9 ? 9 ?? 9 ?? 9 ? 9 ? 9 ?? 9 ?e? /u??a??u /u??a?u /u??a?u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a? u s}??s? w}lw]v s}??s? ?9 ?? 9 ??9 ? 9 ? 9 ?? 9 ?? 9 ?e? /u??a??u /u??a?u /u??a?u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a? u w}lw]v s}??s? figure 8 . efficiency vs output voltage 3 pv cells - v oc = 1.6 v, l x = 10 h figure 9. efficiency vs output voltage 3 pv cells - v oc = 1.6 v, l x = 22 h ?9 ?? 9 ?? 9 ? 9 ? 9 ?? 9 ?? 9 ?e? /u??a??u /u??a?u /u??a?u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a? u w}lw]v s}??s? ??9 ? 9 ? 9 ?? 9 ?? 9 ? 9 ? 9 ?? 9 ?? 9 ?e? /u??a??u /u??a?u /u??a?u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a? u w}lw]v s}??s?
SPV1040 typical characteristics doc id 18080 rev 3 9/15 for setting up the application and simulating the related test results please go to www.st.com/edesignstudio figure 10. efficiency vs output voltage 4 pv cells - v oc = 2.2 v, l x = 10 h figure 11. efficiency vs output voltage 4 pv cells - v oc = 2.2 v, l x = 22 h ??9 ?? 9 ?e 9 ?? 9 ? 9 ?e? /u??a??u /u??a?u /u??a?u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a? u s}??s? w}lw]v s}??s? ??9 ??9 ?9 ? 9 ?? 9 ??9 ?x ex ?x /u??a?? u /u??a? u /u??a? u /u??a u /u??a? u /u??a? u s}??s? w}lw]v s}??s? figure 12. v lx and i lx waveforms - d = 39% figure 13. v lx and i lx waveforms - d = 6 8 % , /; 9 /; 9 287 9 , /; 9 /; 9 287 9
detailed description SPV1040 10/15 doc id 18080 rev 3 6 detailed description the SPV1040 is a monolithic, high efficiency, low voltage, self-powered dc-dc converter that operates over a 0.3 v to 5.5 v dc input voltage range and provides a single output voltage. the device provides regulated output voltage and current by sensing the vctrl feedback of the external resistor divider and the voltage drop on the external sense resistor rs, respectively. high efficiency is ensured by low power consumption in any working mode and by the embedded perturb & observe mppt algorithm. the SPV1040 guarantees its own safety and app lication safety by stopping the n-channel power switch in case of overcurrent or overtemperature conditions. 6.1 soft-start mode in order to guarantee powerup even when v out is very low (battery completely discharged), a proper startup strategy has been implemented. taking into account that the device is powered by the v out voltage, if v out is lower than 0.8 v, the device moves from power off to soft-start mode and the current flows from the input to output through the intrinsic body diode of the synchronous rectifier. in this condition v out follows the lx voltage. the ic exits startup mode when v out reaches 0.8 v. 6.2 startup mode when v out goes above 0.8 v but it is still lower th an 2 v, a proper biasing of both mosfets is not yet guaranteed. in such conditions, th e n-channel power switch is forced on with a fixed duty cycle and the energy is transferred to the load via the intrinsic body diode of the p- channel synchronous switch. if the shutdown overcurrent limit is exceeded, the power switch is immediately turned off. the SPV1040 leaves startup mode as soon as v out goes above 2 v. 6.3 mppt mode once the device has exited startup mode, the SPV1040 enters mppt mode to search for the maximum power point. the perturb & observe algorithm is based on monitoring either the voltage or the current supplied by the dc power source unit so that the pwm signal duty cycle is increased or decreased step by step according to the input power trend. refer to figure 14 , which illustrates the mppt working principle. 6.4 constant voltage regulation the constant voltage control loop consists of an internal voltage reference, an op amp and an external resistor divider that senses the battery voltage and fixes the voltage regulation set-point at the value specified by the user.
SPV1040 detailed description doc id 18080 rev 3 11/15 6.5 constant current regulation the constant current control loop consists of an op amp and an external sense resistor that feeds the current sensing circuit with a voltage proportional to the dc output current. this resistor determines the current regulation set-point and must be adequately rated in terms of power dissipation. it provides the capabilit y to fix the maximum output current to protect the battery. 6.6 overcurrent protection (ovc) when the current that flows through the inductor reaches 1.8 a (overcurrent shutdown limit), the n-channel power switch is immediately forced off and the p-channel synchronous rectifier is switched on. once the overcurrent condition has expired (the inductor current goes below 1.8 a) the n-channel power switch is turned back on. 6.7 overtemperature protection (ovt) when the temperature se nsed at silicon level reaches 15 5 c (overtemperature shutdown limit), the n-channel power switch is immediately forced off and the p-channel synchronous rectifier is switched on . the device becomes operative again as soon as the silicon temperature goes below 130 c. 6. 8 shutdown mode the xshut pin low shuts off all internal circuitry, achieving the lowest power consumption mode. 6.9 undervoltage lockout (uvlo) in order to prevent batteries from over-discharging, the device turns off in case of mpp- set voltage lower than 0.24 v (no irradiation). a hysteresis has been implemented to avoid unpredictable on-off switching. 6.10 reverse polarity in order to avoid damage to the device and battery discharge when the solar panel connection is reverse-inserted, a dedicated protection circuit has been implemented. in such condition, the SPV1040 stays off until the panel is inserted correctly.
detailed description SPV1040 12/15 doc id 18080 rev 3 figure 14. mppt working principle 6.11 burst mode when the output voltage reaches the battery charge voltage, the mpp-set voltage drops below 450 mv, or the output current reaches the output maximum current limit, the duty cycle d drops down to 10% and the device evolves from operating mode to burst mode. the converter no longer works at constant frequency, but at frequencies gradually lower (1 t on over 1 pwm cycle, 1 t on over 2 pwm cycles, ?,1 t on over 16 pwm cycles) prior to entering sleep-in mode. 6.12 sleep-in mode once sleep-in mode has been entered, no current is provided to the load. the device exits this mode once the cause which forced it into this state is no longer present.
SPV1040 package mechanical data doc id 18080 rev 3 13/15 7 package mechanical data in order to meet environmental requirements, st offers these devices in different grades of ecopack ? packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ecopack ? specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com . ecopack ? is an st trademark. figure 15. tssop 8 package mechanical drawing table 6. tssop 8 package mechanical data symbol millimeters min. typ. max. a 1.200 a1 0.050 0.150 a2 0.800 1.000 1.050 b 0.190 0.300 c 0.090 0.200 cp 0.100 d 2.900 3.000 3.100 e ? 0.650 ? e 6.200 6.400 6.600 e1 4.300 4.400 4.500 l 0.450 0.600 0.750 l1 1.000 0 8
revision history SPV1040 14/15 doc id 18080 rev 3 8 revision history table 7. document revision history date revision changes 08-oct-2010 1 initial release 06-apr-2011 2 updated coverpage, dfn8 information deleted, chapter 3 , chapter 4 and chapter 6 04-oct-2011 3 ? updated figure 1 , figure 2 , ta bl e 2 and ta b l e 5 ? minor text changes
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